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Basic Question 1 of 5

If a company is not dividend-paying, we can use ______ to define its cash flows.

I. dividend discount model
II. free cash flow model
III. residual income model

User Contributed Comments 4

User Comment
loo101 residual income model helps to assess the value of a company. but is it really used to define its cash flows?
danlan2 I think only II is right.
noonah III is also right. It follows the broader definition of cash flows in the context of value appraisal of a business.
rhardin Quote from page 304 of the CFA Institute material: "Can the DDM be applied to non-dividend-paying shares? In theory it can, as is illustrated later, but in practice it generally is not." So my take away is yes, it CAN, though probably shouldn't.
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I passed! I did not get a chance to tell you before the exam - but your site was excellent. I will definitely take it next year for Level II.
Tamara Schultz

Tamara Schultz

Learning Outcome Statements

compare dividends, free cash flow, and residual income as inputs to discounted cash flow models and identify investment situations for which each measure is suitable;

CFA® 2025 Level II Curriculum, Volume 3, Module 21.