- CFA Exams
- 2025 Level I
- Topic 3. Corporate Issuers
- Learning Module 4. Working Capital and Liquidity
- Subject 1. Cash Conversion Cycle
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Subject 1. Cash Conversion Cycle PDF Download
A company's operating activities require investments in both short-term (inventory and accounts receivable) and long-term (property, plant, and equipment) assets. Activity ratios describe the relationship between the company's level of operations (usually defined as sales) and the assets needed to sustain operating activities. They measure how well a company manages its various assets.
Activity Ratios
receivables turnover = credit sales / average receivables inventory turnover = COGS / average inventory number of days of inventory = average inventory / (COGS/365) payables turnover = purchases / average trade payables number of days of payables = average accounts payable / (Purchases/365)
Cash Conversion Cycle
The cash conversion cycle is the time period that exists from when the company pays out money for the purchase of raw materials to when it gets the money back from the purchasers of the company's finished goods.
Example
Average accounts receivable: $25,400
Average inventory: $48,290
Average accounts payable: $37,510
Credit sales: $325,700
Cost of goods sold: $180,440.
Total purchases: $188,920
How many days are in the operating cycle? How many days are in the cash cycle?
1. The receivable turnover rate tells you the number of times during the year that money is loaned to customers. Credit sales / Average accounts receivable = 325,700 / 25,400 = 12.8228.
Receivables period = 365 days / 12.8228 = 28.46 days. This tells you that it takes customers an average of 28.46 days to pay for their purchases.
2. The inventory turnover rate indicates the number of times during the year that a firm replaces its inventory. COGS / Average inventory = 180,440 / 48,290 = 3.7366
Inventory period = 365 days / 3.7366 = 97.68 days. This means inventory sits on the shelf for 97.68 days before it is sold. That's ok for a furniture store but you should be highly alarmed if a fast food restaurant has a 98-day inventory period.
3. The accounts payable is matched with total purchases to compute the turnover rate because these accounts are valued based on the wholesale, or production, cost of each item.
Payables turnover = Total purchases / Average accounts payables = 188,920 / 37,510 = 5.0365
Payables period = 365 / 5.0365 = 72.47 days. On average, it takes 72.47 days to pay suppliers.
The operating cycle begins on the day inventory is purchased and ends when the money is collected from the sale of that inventory. This cycle consists of both the inventory period and the accounts receivable period. Operating cycle = 97.68 + 28.46 = 126.14 days
The cash cycle is equal to the operating cycle minus the payables period. It is the number of days for which the firm must finance its own inventory and receivables. During the cash cycle, the firm must have sufficient cash to carry its inventory and receivables.
Cash cycle = 126.14 - 72.47 = 53.67 days
In this example, the firm must pay for its inventory 53.67 days before it collects the payment from selling that inventory. Controlling the cash cycle is a high priority for financial managers.
User Contributed Comments 6
User | Comment |
---|---|
morek | Good explanations. Concise and well summarized. Thank you AN. |
gracecfa | Agreed! These notes are saving me so much time. |
JohnnyWu | Great example! |
CFAToad | A little confusing at first with the terminology switch on "number of days" and "period". But nice and concise. |
khalifa92 | the cash cycle here is written cash conversion cycle in the text book which confused me big time. |
juicyton | What's the difference between using total purchases and COGS in the days payable calculation? |
I just wanted to share the good news that I passed CFA Level I!!! Thank you for your help - I think the online question bank helped cut the clutter and made a positive difference.
Edward Liu
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